CANTED MAGNETIC MOMENTS AT THE Gd(0001) SURFACE

With spin polarized electron spectroscopies, we have invest.igatrd ortleretl (:t1(0001) films deposited on W(110). The photoemission featilres of the gadoli~liu~n 5d sllrlacr state, the 4f levels, and the background exhibit considerable spin polarization alor~g tllc same direction in the plane of the film, indicative of ferromagnetic coupli~ig brlurrrlt I I I ( . surface and the bulk. The 4f spin polarized photoemission data provides strorig rvidriirr that the surface 4f polarization differs from the bulk 4f polarization for Ctl(0001). Our temperature dependent measurements with spin polarized secondary electron sl)rrtrosropv conclusively establishes that the surface of clean Gd(0001) possesses a prr11~1ldic11Iar 1)olarization component which persists to an enhanced surface Curie temperature. Slnall amounts of contamination a t the surface result in the disappeara~ice of the ~ ) c r o r t ~ ( l i ~ ~ ~ I ~ r component and, therefore, a more perfect ferromagnetic coupling between tlic suriarr atitl the bulk.